Parameter |
Technology |
Features |
Range |
Slope |
pH Range |
Interferences |
Applications/Notes |
Ammonia (NH3) |
Gas-sensing |
Replaceable/
refillable membrane modules, pH sensor inside |
0.02 to 17,000 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
Must be 11 or higher to make NH3 gaseous |
Few, voltile amines |
Wastewater, aquaculture, agriculture, industrial. pH shift cause by ammonia gas is correlated to concentration. |
Ammonium (NH4+) |
Polymer/PVC membrane |
Refillable, replaceable sensor modules |
0.02 to 1,800 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
4 to 10 |
Few, Na+, K+ |
Wastewater, environmental, industrial, food/beverage |
Bromide
(Br-) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.4 to 79,900 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
<12 |
I-, Cl-, CN-, NH3 |
Pool, spa, industrial |
Cadmium (Cd2+) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.1 to 11,200 mg/L |
26 to 29 mV/decade |
2 to 8 |
Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+ |
Industrial, environmental |
Calcium (Ca2+) |
Polymer/PVC membrane |
Refillable, replaceable sensor modules |
0.02 to 40,000 mg/L |
25 to 29 mV/decade |
2.5 to 11 |
Pb2+, Hg2+, Si2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, K+, Tris+, Na+, others |
Aquariums, industrial, food/beverage |
Chloride
(Cl-) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
1.8 to 35,500 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
2 to 12 |
CN-, Br-, I-, OH-, S2-, NH3 |
Industrial, wastewater, drinking water, food/beverage, environmental. Store in dark when not in use. |
Copper (Cu2+) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.06 to 6,400 mg/L |
26 to 20 mV/decade |
2 to 6 |
Hg2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Br-, Cl- |
Industrial, environmental. Also known as Cupric ISE. |
Cyanide (CN-) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.2 to 260 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
10 to 14 |
I-, Br-, Cl-, S2- |
Industrial, environmental |
Fluoride
(F-) |
Solid state crystal |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.02 mg/L - saturation |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
5 to 7 at low range, 11 at higher range |
OH- |
Drinking water, industrial. Lanthanum fluoride crystal is the sensor. |
Iodide
(I-) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.006 to 127,000 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
<14 |
CN-, Cl-, S2O32-, S2-, NH3 |
Drinking water, industrial, food/beverage |
Lead
(Pb2+) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.02 to 20,700 mg/L |
26 to 29 mV/decade |
4 to 7 |
Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Cd2+ |
Industrial, environmental |
Nitrate (NO3-) |
Polymer/PVC membrane |
Refillable, replaceable sensor modules |
0.4 to 62,000 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
2.5 to 11 |
Few, ClO4-, ClO3-, I-, F- |
Environmental, industrial, agriculture, food/beverage |
Potassium (K+) |
Polymer/PVC membrane |
Refillable, replaceable sensor modules |
0.04 to 39,000 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
2 to 12 |
Cs+, NH4+, TI+, H+, Ag+, Tris+, Na+, Li+ |
Agriculture, food/beverage, environmental, industrial |
Silver/ Sulfide (Ag+/S2-) |
Solid state |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.01 to 107,900 mg/L (Silver); 0.003 to 32,100 mg/L (Sulfide) |
54 to 59 mV/decade (Silver); 26 to 29 mV/decade (Sulfide) |
2 to 12 |
Hg2+ |
Industrial, environmental, food/beverage |
Sodium (Na+) |
Glass sensor |
Refillable, non-replaceable sensor |
0.1 to 23,000 mg/L |
54 to 59 mV/decade |
>9 |
H+, K+ |
Industrial, agriculture, power, food/beverage |